Percentage of households in core housing need by the immigrant status of the primary household maintainer, Canada, 2011
![](https://cichprofile.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/2.3.5_final_core_housing_need_by_immigrant_status.png)
Note: Immigrant households include households whose primary maintainer has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.
*Core housing need means that the householders spent 30% or more of their before tax income on housing; the housing was in major need of repair; or their housing was crowded – it did not have enough bedrooms for the size and make-up of the family
Source: CICH graphic created using data adapted from Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). Canadian Housing Observer. 2014. https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/odpub/pdf/68189.pdf accessed March 20, 2017
In 2011, immigrants were more likely than non-immigrants to live in core housing need.
Non-permanent residents** were more than twice as likely as non-immigrants (in general) to live in core housing need – 25.4%.
17% of immigrants lived in core housing need compared with 11% of non-immigrants.
Recent immigrants (immigrated in the 5 years before 2011) were more likely than those who had immigrated more than 5 years before to live in core housing need.
There was a gradient associated with years since immigration. Core housing need decreased according to a gradient from most recent immigrants to those who immigrated prior to 1986.
**Non-permanent resident households include households whose primary maintainer is from another country, who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living with them.