All immigrant children and youth can benefit from having their visual acuity (vision) assessed soon after arriving in Canada.  Loss of vision and undiagnosed sight-threatening eye diseases are more common among new immigrants and refugees than in the general population. Preventive screening by an optometrist or ophthalmologist can help identify visual impairment and strabismus for children younger than five years of age. Assessing for a red reflex and inspecting the external eye can begin when a child is a newborn.

Regionally prominent “tropical” eye diseases, such as onchocerciasis (river blindness), active trachoma and xerophthalmia, have not been reported in immigrants or refugees to Canada. Asymptomatic forms of these diseases should resolve or stabilize after the children arrive in Canada.